Uses & Flavors • Chapter 2

Hardy Gold in the Kitchen

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Three rough orange citrus fruit on a garden table

899K Voss Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Changsha' × Poncirus trifoliata (sélection 899K)

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit hanging among green leaves

Amber Sweet

Citrus reticulata x (C. paradisi x C. reticulata)

Fresh eating Juice

Whole and halved dark red-fleshed citrus fruit on a kitchen board

Amoa 8

Citrus sinensis x Citrus deliciosa

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit among dark green leaves

Aoshima Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Aoshima'

Fresh eating

Illustration of Arctic Frost mandarin with fruit and foliage in a garden or harvest setting.

Arctic Frost Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Arctic Frost'

Fresh eating Juice

Round yellow citrus fruit hanging among green leaves

Auline

Citrus hybrid 'Auline'

Juice

Two orange citrus fruit among glossy leaves

Australian Bitter Orange

Citrus aurantium 'Australian' (Taiwanica × pummelo × mandarin hybrid)

Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit among glossy dark leaves

Banyuls Sweet Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Douce de Banuyls'

Fresh eating Juice

A pile of small round green citrus fruit

Beto Sudachi

Citrus sudachi 'Beto'

Juice Liqueur

A selection of colorful citrus slices viewed from above

Blood Clementine

Citrus × 'Clementine Sanguine' (Citrus clementina × Citrus sinensis 'Moro')

Fresh eating Juice

A garden citrus tree bearing yellow fruit

Bloomsweet Grapefruit, Kinkoji

Citrus obovoidea

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

A garden citrus tree covered in white blossoms

Bouquetier de Nice Sour Orange

Liqueur Preserves

Orange citrus fruit among leaves beside a garden fence

Brown’s Select Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Brown’s Select'

Fresh eating Juice

A whole and peeled orange citrus fruit against a dark background

Caffin Clementine

Citrus clementina 'Caffin'

Fresh eating Juice

A hand holding half a pink-fleshed citrus fruit beside a tree

Cara Cara Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Cara Cara'

Fresh eating Juice

Small green citrus fruit among pale green leaves

Centennial Variegated Kumquat

Citrus japonica 'Centennial'

Fresh eating Preserves

Three orange citrus fruit with attached leaves on a pale background

Changsha Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Changsha'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit partly hidden among green leaves

Changshou Kumquat

Fortunella obovata

Fresh eating Preserves

Whole and cut dark-skinned citrus fruit with orange flesh

Chocolate Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Navel Chocolate'

Fresh eating Juice

An orange citrus fruit hanging from a branch in a garden

Citradia 139

Citrus x citradia

Juice

A young leafy citrus plant in a dark nursery pot

Citrandarin US-852

Citrus reticulata 'Changsha' x Poncirus trifoliata 'English Large'

Juice Preserves

Yellow citrus fruit in a wicker basket on a garden table

Citrangeremo

(Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) × Eremocitrus glauca

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

A potted citrus tree bearing yellow fruit beside a wall

Citrus Lemonade

Citrus limon x reticulata

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus tree bearing yellow fruit beside a wall

Citrus Taiwanica (Nansho Daidai)

Citrus taiwanica Tanaka & Shimada

Liqueur Preserves

A potted citrus tree bearing yellow fruit on a patio

Clausellina Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Clausellina'

Fresh eating

A rough-skinned yellow citrus fruit on a branch

Clementine × Yuzu 222

Fresh eating Juice Liqueur

A young leafy citrus plant in a pot beside a wall

Clementine × Yuzu 333

Citrus clementina x junos

Preserves

Orange citrus fruit hanging from garden branches

Clemenules Clementine

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Small pale yellow citrus fruit among narrow leaves

Coachella Eremolemon

Eremocitrus glauca x meyeri

Juice Preserves

A citrus plant with small green fruit in a pale rectangular pot

Cocktail Grapefruit

Citrus hybrid 'Cocktail' (syn. Mandalo)

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit hanging on a branch in a garden

Collot Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Collot'

Fresh eating

A peeled pink-fleshed citrus fruit with peel beside it

Corsican Mountain Blood Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Sanguine'

Fresh eating Juice

Whole and halved rough-skinned yellow citrus fruit

Corsican Yuzu

Citrus junos 'Corse'

Juice Liqueur

A hand holding a pointed orange citrus fruit beside foliage

Dekopon (Shiranui)

Citrus × shiranui

Fresh eating Juice

Whole and halved yellow citrus fruit on a pale background

Dioscuria Lemon

Citrus limon 'Dioscuria'

Juice Preserves

Three reddish-orange citrus fruit on a kitchen board

Dobashi Beni Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Dobashi Beni'

Fresh eating Juice

A botanical illustration showing citrus leaves, flowers and fruit

Dolce del Gargano Bitter Orange

Citrus aurantium 'Dolce del Gargano'

Liqueur Preserves

A small citrus tree bearing yellow fruit beside a hedge

Dragon Yuzu (Tortuosa)

Citrus junos 'Tortuosa'

Preserves

A hand supporting a large pale yellow citrus fruit on a tree

Duncan Grapefruit

Citrus x paradisi 'Duncan'

Fresh eating Juice

A historic botanical illustration of whole and sliced citrus fruit

Dunstan Citrumelo

× Citroncirus webberi 'Dunstan'

Juice Preserves

An orange citrus fruit with attached leaves on a white background

Encore Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Encore'

Fresh eating Juice

Large yellow citrus fruit hanging among leaves

Enzo Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi 'Enzo'

Fresh eating Juice

Yellow citrus fruit among narrow grey-green leaves

Eremorange

Citrus glauca x Citrus sinensis

Preserves

A green citrus fruit on a branch with narrow leaves

Eremorange 2

Citrus glauca x Eremorange (double hybrid)

Juice

Three pale yellow citrus fruit on a kitchen counter

Five Star Citrumelo

× Citroncirus 'Five Star'

Juice Preserves

Small green citrus fruit among leaves

Fortune Mandarin

Citrus × 'Fortune'

Fresh eating Juice

A framed historic botanical illustration of a whole citrus fruit

Foster Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi 'Foster'

Fresh eating Juice

A potted citrus plant bearing yellow fruit against a wall

Four Seasons Citrangequat

X Citroncirus Fortunella 'Four Seasons Citrangequat'

Fresh eating Juice

An orange citrus fruit with a reddish blush on a branch

Fragola Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Fragola'

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus tree laden with orange fruit

Fukumoto Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Fukumoto'

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus plant bearing orange fruit in a terracotta pot

Fukushu Kumquat

Citrus obovata 'Fukushu'

Fresh eating Preserves

Three elongated orange citrus fruit beside a mug

Giganteum Kumquat

Fortunella margarita 'Giganteum'

Fresh eating Preserves

Whole and halved orange citrus fruit in a bowl on a garden table

Glen Citrange

Citrus sinensis x Poncirus

Juice Preserves

Small rough orange citrus fruit in a bowl beside pruning shears

Gold Yuzu

Citrus junos 'Gold'

Juice Preserves

Whole and halved orange citrus fruit on a kitchen board

Gosset Sweet Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Gosset'

Fresh eating Juice

Illustration of Hamlin orange with fruit and foliage in a garden or harvest setting.

Hamlin Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Hamlin'

Fresh eating Juice

Whole and peeled orange citrus fruit on a plate

Harumi Mandarin 1

Citrus reticulata 'Harumi'

Fresh eating

A compact citrus tree bearing orange fruit in a garden

Hashimoto Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus × unshiu 'Hashimoto'

Fresh eating Juice

Yellow citrus fruit hanging in a sunlit garden

Hassaku

Citrus × hassaku

Fresh eating Juice Liqueur

Round yellow citrus fruit hanging among green leaves

Hassaku Pento

Citrus × hassaku 'Pento'

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit hanging among green leaves

Hernandina Clementine

Citrus clementina 'Hernandina'

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus tree bearing large pale yellow fruit

Hirado Buntan Pummelo

Citrus maxima 'Hirado Buntan'

Fresh eating Juice

A narrow-leaved citrus plant with small green fruit

Hong Kong Kumquat

Fortunella hindsii

Liqueur Preserves

A large pale yellow citrus fruit on a leafy branch

Honghe Papeda

Citrus × honghe (Citrus ichangensis × Citrus maxima)

Fresh eating Juice

Yellow citrus fruit and peeled segments on a plate

Hyuganatsu

Citrus tamurana hort. ex Tanaka

Fresh eating Juice

A hand holding three small rough yellow citrus fruit

Ichang Papeda

Juice

A ridged green citrus fruit against a dark background

Ichang Papeda x IVIA

Citrus ichangensis x papeda 'IVIA'

Juice Preserves

White and pink citrus blossoms among green leaves

Ichanglemon

Citrus wilsonii

Juice

Elongated yellow and orange citrus fruit hanging on branches

Ichangquat 6-7-2

Citrus cavaleriei 'Ichangquat 6-7-2' (x Citrofortunella ichangquat)

Liqueur Preserves

Small elongated orange citrus fruit in a wicker basket

Indio Mandarinquat

Citrus reticulata × Fortunella margarita 'Indio'

Fresh eating Preserves

Green and orange citrus fruit hanging among leaves

Iwasaki Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Iwasaki'

Fresh eating

Whole and peeled orange citrus fruit beside a mug

Japan Seedless Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Japan Seedless'

Fresh eating

A potted citrus plant outside a doorway

Jimenez Kumquat

Fortunella margarita 'Jimenez'

Fresh eating Preserves

Two large pale yellow citrus fruit on a kitchen island

Jokan Grapefruit

Citrus × jokan

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit hanging among green leaves

Juanita Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Juanita'

Fresh eating

Whole and halved green-yellow citrus fruit

Kabosu

Citrus sphaerocarpa

Juice

An elongated rough orange citrus fruit on a branch

Karna Khatta Lime

Citrus karna

Juice Liqueur Preserves

A garden citrus tree bearing yellow fruit beside a wall

Keraji Kabushi Mandarin

Fresh eating Juice

Green citrus fruit among dark green leaves

Keraji Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Keraji'

Fresh eating

Three yellow-orange citrus fruit on a leafy branch

Keraji Voss D14 Mandarin

Citrus keraji 'Voss D14'

Fresh eating Juice

A small citrus tree bearing orange fruit in a garden

Kimbrough Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Kimbrough'

Fresh eating Juice

Two orange citrus fruit on a kitchen board

Kinkonshui

Citrus × kinkonshui

Fresh eating Juice

Small orange citrus fruit on a tree against the sky

Kishu Mikan Mandarin

Fresh eating Juice

A whole orange citrus fruit and cut half on a kitchen board

Kiyomi Tangor

Citrus × kiyomi (Citrus unshiu × Citrus sinensis 'Trovita')

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

A rough yellow citrus fruit hanging on a branch

Kotokan

Citrus x kotokan Hayata

Juice

Green-orange citrus fruit hanging on branches

Kuno Wase Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Kuno Wase'

Fresh eating

A small citrus tree growing in an orchard

Leo Mahalo Mandarin

Citrus deliciosa 'Leo Mahalo'

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit on leafy branches in a garden

Mandanova Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Mandanova'

Fresh eating

Orange citrus fruit hanging in sunlight

Mandared Mandarin

Citrus × 'Mandared'

Fresh eating Juice

A pointed orange citrus fruit and a cut half

Mapo Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Mapo'

Fresh eating Juice Liqueur

A historic botanical illustration of a cut citrus fruit

Marsh Seedless Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi 'Marsh Seedless'

Fresh eating Juice

Hands holding halves of a pale yellow citrus fruit

Marumi Kumquat

Fortunella japonica 'Marumi'

Fresh eating Preserves

A whole yellow citrus fruit and a cut half

Marunero Grapefruit

Citrus obovoidea 'Marunero'

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus plant in a blue pot beside a garden fence and label

Meiwa Kumquat

Citrus crassifolia 'Meiwa'

Fresh eating Preserves

Green-yellow citrus fruit with retail labels

Melogold Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi × Citrus grandis 'Melogold'

Fresh eating Juice

A sunlit citrus tree bearing yellow fruit

Meyer Lemon

Citrus x meyeri

Juice Preserves

A green citrus fruit and leaves covered in water droplets

Meyer × Doppio (Arcobal)

Citrus meyeri x Citrus sinensis 'Doppio Sanguigno'

Juice Preserves

Large green citrus fruit hanging among leaves

Minneola Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Minneola'

Fresh eating

Orange citrus fruit clustered among leaves

Miyagawa Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Miyagawa'

Fresh eating

Whole and halved dark red-fleshed citrus fruit on a kitchen board

Moro Blood Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Moro'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

A small citrus tree bearing orange fruit in a misty garden

Morton Asel Citrange

Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata 'Morton'

Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit beside visibly trifoliate leaves

Morton Citrange

X Citroncirus 'Morton'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Whole and cut orange kumquats on a dark background

Nagami Kumquat

Fortunella margarita 'Nagami'

Fresh eating Liqueur Preserves

Small elongated orange citrus fruit among green leaves

Nameiwa Kumquat

Citrus crassifolia 'Nameiwa'

Fresh eating Preserves

An orange citrus fruit hanging among bare and leafy branches

Natsudaidai

Citrus natsudaidai

Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit and white blossoms on a branch

Navelina Orange

Citrus sinensis

Fresh eating Juice

Two halves of a pale yellow citrus fruit showing seeds

No. 1 Tri Voss

Citrus (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus ichangensis) 'No. 1 Tri Voss'

Juice

A person harvesting orange citrus fruit beside a labeled tree

Nooka Kishu Mandarin

Citrus kinokuni 'Mukaku Kishu'

Fresh eating

Small round yellow citrus fruit among leaves

Nordmann Kumquat

Fortunella margarita 'Nordmann Seedless'

Fresh eating Preserves

Small orange citrus fruit and wet leaves

Nova Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Nova'

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit hanging among garden leaves

Nuclem Clementine

Citrus unshiu x Citrus clementina 'Nuclem'

Fresh eating Juice

A dark green citrus fruit on a wooden table

Oishi Sudachi

Citrus sudachi 'Oishi'

Juice

A garden citrus tree bearing orange fruit beside a fence

Okitsu Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Okitsu'

Fresh eating

A young leafy citrus plant in a dark pot beside a fence

Oni Yuzu

Citrus junos 'Oni'

Juice

A potted citrus plant bearing orange fruit on a patio

Orangequat

Citrus sinensis x Fortunella margarita

Fresh eating Preserves

Two orange citrus fruit hanging in a garden

Orlando Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Orlando'

Fresh eating Juice

Labeled trays of cut grapefruit and pummelo samples

Oro Blanco Grapefruit

Citrus grandis × Citrus paradisi 'Oro Blanco'

Fresh eating Juice

A compact citrus tree bearing orange fruit in a garden

Orogros Clementine

Citrus clementina 'Orogros'

Fresh eating

A garden citrus tree bearing orange fruit beside a path

Owari Francis Soules Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Francis Soules'

Fresh eating

Orange citrus fruit hanging on leafy branches

Owari Frost Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus × unshiu 'Owari Frost'

Fresh eating Juice

Halves of a green-skinned citrus fruit on a table beside an orchard

Owari Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Owari'

Fresh eating

A citrus tree bearing orange fruit on a lawn

Owari SRA 145 Corsica Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Owari SRA 145'

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit beside variegated leaves

Owari Variegata Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Owari Variegata'

Fresh eating

A yellow citrus fruit hanging among narrow leaves

Pearl Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Pearl'

Fresh eating

Whole and peeled orange citrus fruit on a kitchen plate

Planellina Satsuma

Citrus unshiu 'Planellina Wase'

Fresh eating Juice

A small citrus tree bearing orange fruit in a garden

Ponkan Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Ponkan'

Fresh eating Juice

A small citrus tree bearing orange fruit beside garden beds

Prague Citsuma

Citrus unshiu + Poncirus

Juice Preserves

A small citrus plant bearing yellow fruit in a nursery pot

Procimequat

(Citrus × floridana 'Eustis') × Fortunella hindsii

Fresh eating Liqueur

A garden citrus tree bearing yellow fruit beside a stone wall

Pursha Lime

Citrus limetta 'Pursha'

Juice

A potted citrus plant bearing yellow fruit beside a doorway

Reddish Bud Jaune Sudachi

Citrus sudachi 'Reddish Bud'

Juice

Orange citrus fruit beside a jar of marmalade and spoon

Remo Citrange

Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata 'Remo'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Two pale yellow citrus fruit with attached leaves

Rio Red Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi 'Rio Red'

Fresh eating Juice

A young garden citrus tree with visibly trifoliate leaves

Rusk Citrange

x Citroncirus 'Rusk' (Citrus sinensis 'Ruby' x Poncirus trifoliata)

Juice Liqueur Preserves

A partially peeled orange citrus fruit beside a whole fruit

Salustiana Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Salustiana'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Whole and cut yellow-orange citrus fruit on a patterned plate

Sambokan

Citrus sulcata

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit hanging among narrow leaves

Sanford Curafora

x Citroncirus 'Sanford Curafora'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Orange citrus fruit in a bowl beside a kitchen sink

Saïgon Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Saïgon'

Fresh eating

Green citrus fruit in a colander beside a cut half and knife

Seneca Sudachi

Citrus sudachi 'Seneca'

Juice

A round yellow citrus fruit on a leafy branch

Shangjuan

Citrus wilsonii

Juice Liqueur Preserves

A garden citrus tree bearing orange fruit

Shangsa Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Changsha'

Preserves

Halves of a small green-skinned citrus fruit showing seeds

Shekwasha Mandarin

Citrus depressa

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

A garden citrus tree bearing large pale yellow fruit

Shenguyen Ichanglemon

Citrus wilsonii 'Shenguyen'

Liqueur Preserves

Illustration of Shirokolistvennyi satsuma with fruit and foliage in a garden or harvest setting.

Shirokolistvennyi Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Shirokolistvennyi'

Fresh eating Juice

Small orange citrus fruit hanging among leaves

Shiva Mikan Koji Mandarin

Citrus leiocarpa 'Yatsushiro Koji'

Fresh eating

Small orange citrus fruit in a wicker basket on a bench

Shiva Mikan Mandarin

Citrus leiocarpa

Juice Preserves

Rough yellow citrus fruit in a harvest crate beside pruning shears

Shunkokan

Citrus × shunkokan

Fresh eating Juice

A large leafy citrus shrub in a garden

Silver Hill Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Silverhill'

Fresh eating

Half a pink-fleshed citrus fruit beside a knife and spoon

Star Ruby Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi 'Star Ruby'

Fresh eating Juice

An unevenly colored yellow-orange citrus fruit hanging on a branch

Striatta ‘Bizzaria’ Bitter Orange

Citrus aurantium 'Striata' (Bizzaria di Firenze)

Juice Liqueur Preserves

A pile of orange citrus fruit at a market

Sugiyama Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Sugiyama'

Fresh eating

Illustration of Sunburst mandarin with fruit and foliage in a garden or harvest setting.

Sunburst Mandarin

Citrus reticulata 'Sunburst'

Fresh eating Juice

Two yellow-orange citrus fruit beside a spoon

Sunquat Kumquat

Fortunella margarita × Citrus limon 'Sunquat'

Juice Preserves

Rough yellow citrus fruit hanging on garden branches

Sweet Yuzu N30

Citrus junos 'Yuko' (N30)

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus tree bearing orange fruit beside a traditional building

Tachibana

Citrus tachibana

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Rough yellow citrus fruit hanging on leafy branches

Tada Nishiki Yuzu

Citrus junos 'Tada Nishiki'

Juice Liqueur Preserves

Green citrus fruit hanging among glossy leaves

Taichang Hybrid

Citrus sp

Juice

Yellow citrus fruit hanging from garden branches

Taiwanica Lemon

Citrus taiwanica (Nansho-daidai)

Juice Liqueur Preserves

A flattened orange citrus fruit hanging on a branch

Tami Kawa Wase Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Tami Kawa'

Fresh eating

Illustration of Tavares limequat with fruit and foliage in a garden or harvest setting.

Tavares Limequat

Citrus × floridana 'Tavares'

Juice

Pear-shaped orange citrus fruit hanging among leaves

Thomasville Citrangequat

Citrus x georgiana

Fresh eating Preserves

Two yellow-orange citrus fruit on a kitchen counter

Thomson Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Thomson'

Fresh eating Juice

White citrus blossoms on leafy branches near a greenhouse

Trifeola Monofolie

Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus x tangelo 'Minneola'

Juice

A round orange citrus fruit hanging on a branch

Troyer × Rangpur Lime

Troyer citrange × Citrus × limonia

Juice

A whole and partly peeled rough yellow-orange citrus fruit

Ugli Tangelo (Ugly)

Citrus reticulata x paradisi 'Ugli'

Fresh eating Juice

A citrus plant bearing small yellow-green fruit outdoors

Ugly Big Guy Tangelo

Citrus tangelo 'Big Guy'

Fresh eating Juice

A split citrus fruit hanging on a branch

US 119

Citrus hybrid 'US 119'

Fresh eating Juice

Close-up of a heart-shaped tattoo bearing the word "Love".

Valentine Pummelo

Citrus × 'Valentine'

Fresh eating Juice

Two citrus fruit with green and yellow striped peel

Vatican Bitter Orange

Citrus aurantium 'Fasciata'

Liqueur Preserves

A round yellow citrus fruit on a leafy branch

Wagashi Ichanglemon

Citrus wilsonii 'Wagashi'

Juice Preserves

Whole and peeled orange citrus fruit on a plate

Wase 230 Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Wase 230'

Fresh eating

Orange citrus fruit on leafy branches

Washington Navel Orange

Citrus sinensis 'Washington Navel'

Fresh eating Juice Preserves

Whole and halved pale yellow citrus fruit on a kitchen board

Wekiwa Tangelo

Citrus paradisi x (C. paradisi x C. tangerina)

Fresh eating

Whole and cut pink-fleshed citrus fruit

Welker Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi 'Welker'

Fresh eating Juice

Orange citrus fruit hanging among leaves against the sky

Xie Shan Satsuma Mandarin

Citrus unshiu 'Xie Shan'

Fresh eating

A rough-skinned orange citrus fruit and a cut half on a table

Yuko Lemon

Citrus yuko

Juice Preserves

A garden citrus tree bearing yellow-orange fruit

Yuzu

Citrus × junos

Juice Preserves

Two rough yellow citrus fruit on a plain surface

Yuzu Citron

Citrus junos 'Citron'

Juice Preserves

Whole and halved rough yellow citrus fruit beside a zester

Yuzu N1

Juice Liqueur Preserves

Frost crystals covering a yellow citrus fruit and leaves

Yuzu N3

Citrus junos 'N3'

Juice Preserves

Yellow citrus fruit hanging beside a patio

Yuzuquat

Citrus junos × Fortunella 'Nameiwa'

Fresh eating Juice Liqueur

A potted citrus plant bearing yellow-green fruit beside a wall

Zesty BA9 Tangelo

Citrus x tangelo 'Zesty'

Fresh eating

Anatomy & Flavor

The Grammar of Citrus

Understanding how to use a citrus fruit starts with breaking down its anatomy. Whether it is a common lemon or a rare yuzu, the balance comes down to three elements.

The Zest (Fragrance)

It is the reservoir of essential oils. It holds pure fragrance, without the acidity. It is the citrus fruit's aromatic signature.

Key varieties

Yuzu, satsuma mandarin, Meyer lemon (for its floral side).

The Juice (Acidity)

It brings freshness and zing. Citric acid gives a dish structure, replaces vinegar and balances sugar or fat.

Key varieties

Sudachi (sharp), hana yuzu, Meyer lemon (milder).

The Flesh (Texture)

The pulp adds bite, and the albedo (the white pith) holds the pectin needed for preserves. Some can be eaten whole.

Key varieties

Kumquat (sweet peel), citron (melting albedo), pummelo.

Pairings & Gastronomy

How do you pair acidity and fragrance? Here are the main families of pairings to make the most of your harvest.

Sea & Brine

Citrus replaces the usual lemon on oysters or raw fish for a more floral note.

Yuzu

Sudachi

Meyer lemon

Meats & Roasts

The bitterness of sour oranges or the punch of kumquats deglazes pan juices and goes well with duck or pork.

Sour orange

Kumquat

Citrange

Vegetables & Salads

Mandarin segments or yuzu juice brighten roasted root vegetables, fennel or winter salads.

Satsuma mandarin

Citron

Hana yuzu

Sweets & Chocolate

Fragrant citrus pairs beautifully with dark chocolate or custard desserts.

Meyer lemon

Yuzu

Satsuma

The Workshop of Preserving

Salt (lacto-fermentation)

Covering lemons in salt creates a fermentation. The peel turns tender and the flavor changes. Perfect for keeping surplus Meyer lemons or yuzus for months.

Sugar (candying)

Slow cooking in syrup turns bitterness into a treat. Ideal for thick-peeled fruit such as citron or whole kumquats.

Alcohol (extraction)

Alcohol captures the essential oils of the zest. It is the basis of homemade liqueurs. Use your satsuma mandarins or yuzus for fragrant after-dinner drinks.

Method: Homemade Limoncello

Made with Meyer lemon or yuzu

1

Peel the zest of 8 fruits (without the white pith) with a vegetable peeler.

2

Steep in 1 quart (1 liter) of 180-proof alcohol (90%) or vodka for 30 days, away from light.

3

Strain and mix with a cooled syrup (1 quart (1 liter) water + 1⅓ pounds (600 g) sugar). Wait 1 month before tasting.

Orchard tip

Use yuzus for a floral Japanese version.